\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n
\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\uff1apasswd\u4e0egroup<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u7528passwd\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ebfloatboat\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3afan2001z\uff0c\u90a3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
useradd floatboat <\u56de\u8f66><\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u663e\u793a\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff1a<\/p>\n
passwd floatboat <\u56de\u8f66><\/p>\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
Changing password for user floatboat<\/p>\n
New UNIX password:<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n
fan2001z<\u56de\u8f66><\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8elinux\u5e76\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3cwindows\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u56de\u663e(\u663e\u793a\u4e3a*\u53f7)\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u88ab\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\u4f60\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7cfb\u7edf\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
Retype new UNIX password:<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6b21\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56de\u8f66\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
passwd:all authentication tokens updated successfully<\/p>\n
\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5173\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\uff1a<\/p>\n
1\u3001useradd\u6240\u505a\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u62ec\u5728\/home\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e3afloatboat\u5e10\u53f7\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3afloatboat\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f3a\u7701\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u5e0c\u671b\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u653e\u5728\/home\/goal\u91cc(\u8fd8\u653e\u5728\/home\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8981\u6c42)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u7684\u53c2\u6570-d\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
useradd -d \/home\/goal floatboat<\/p>\n
2\u3001useradd\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u5355\u72ec\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7ec4(floatboat\u7ec4)\u3002\u8fd9\u53eb\u7528\u6237\u79c1\u6709\u7ec4\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e0e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ec4\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7ec4\u4e00\u662f\u65b9\u4fbf\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u6743\u9650\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8ba9\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7ec4\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-g\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8ba9floatboat\u52a0\u5165webusers\u7ec4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
useradd -g webusers floatboat<\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-G\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u52a0\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982webusers\u548cftpusers\uff1a<\/p>\n
useradd -G ftpusers,webusers floatboat<\/p>\n
3\u3001passwd\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7684 \u6743\u5229\u3002\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u7684\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5305\u62ec\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u597d\u8bbe\u62106\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u592a\u77edpasswd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6570 \u5b57\uff0cpasswd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4f60\u90fd\u4f1a\u770b\u89c1passwd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5bb3\u6015\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u770b\u5230\u5e95\u5b83\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a)<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u4f60\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7684shell\u3002\u7f3a\u7701\u7684\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\/bin\/bash\u3002\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u975e\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-s\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n
useradd -d \/www -s \/usr\/bin\/passwd floatboat<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u4f8b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5176\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\/www\uff0c\u767b\u5f55\u7684shell\u4e3a\/usr\/bin\/passwd\u3002\u5173\u4e8eshell\u7684\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528userdel\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5e26\u7528\u6237\u540d\u505a\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801(\u4f7f\u7528passwd\u5c31\u597d\u4e86)\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55shell\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ec4\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e10\u53f7\u6709\u6548\u671f\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u767b\u5f55shell<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528chsh\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684shell\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u7528chsh username\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539shell\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684shell\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5217\u5165\/etc\/shells\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684shell\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u9646\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u7684shells\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9bshell\uff1a<\/p>\n
\/bin\/bash2<\/p>\n
\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n
\/bin\/sh<\/p>\n
\/bin\/ash<\/p>\n
\/bin\/bsh<\/p>\n
\/bin\/tcsh<\/p>\n
\/bin\/csh<\/p>\n
\u800c\u7f51\u7ba1\u4eec\u8fd8\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\/usr\/bin\/passwd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u7136\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u6216telnet\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4fee\u6539\u5e10\u6237\u5bc6\u7801(\u6bd4\u5982\u5728FTP\u91cc\u7528)\u3002\u4ee5\u53ca\/bin\/false\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u610f\u601d\u55bd^&^\uff0c\u8fdeFTP\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528usermod\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539shell\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
usermod -s \/bin\/bash floatboat<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\/bin\/bash\u548cfloatboat\u5e94\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684shell\u8def\u5f84\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684shell(\u5c31\u662f””)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709shell\u3002\u5475\u5475\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6211\u8fd8\u672a\u66fe\u89c1\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5b83\u4e00\u4e2ashell\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4f60\u8bd5\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
usermod -s “” floatboat<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6237\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2ash\u6216bash\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u51fa\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ec4<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7usermod\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528-g\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u628afloatboat\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7ec4\u6539\u4e3anobody\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
usermod -g nobody floatboat<\/p>\n
nobody\u5728\u7c7bUNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e10\u53f7\u6709\u6548\u671f<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5f71\u5b50\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\uff1a<\/p>\n
usermod -e MM\/DD\/YY username<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u7528\u6237floatboat\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u5b9a\u4e3a2001\u5e7412\u670831\u65e5\uff1a<\/p>\n
usermod -e 12\/31\/01 floatboat<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6682\u65f6\u7981\u6b62\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u5217\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n
floatboat:x:503:503::\/home\/floatboat:\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u548c\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u5192\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8be5\u884c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\/bin\/bash\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55shell\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u9762\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528usermod\u547d\u4ee4\u7684-d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
usermod -d \/www floatboat<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u5c06floatboat\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u6539\u5230\/www\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528-m\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
usermod -d -m \/www floatboat<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
linux\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u9488\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7ec4\u3001\u5176\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u5e10\u53f7(\u7ec4)\u5206\u522b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211(\u5047\u5b9a\u662fwebusers\u7ec4\u7684floatboat\u5e10\u6237\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005)\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
touch mytestfile<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528ls -l mytestfile\u8fd9\u4e00\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u72b6\u6001(\u5173\u4e8els\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u9605\u672c\u7ad9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
-rw-rw-r– 1 floatboat webusers 0 Feb 6 21:37 mytestfile<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7531\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u4e3a9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u5173\u5fc3\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5e10\u6237\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u4f7f\u7528chown\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4f60\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237(\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4root)\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7chown\u547d\u4ee4\u6539\u53d8(\u4f8b\u5982chown otheruser mytestfile,\u628amytestfile\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6539\u4e3aotheruser)\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\u9001\u201d\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4f60\u628a\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed9 \u4e86root\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\uff1a)<\/p>\n
chown\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u5148\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\u9001\u7ed9\u201dfloatboat\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n
chown floatboat \/home\/floatboat\/thefileisrootcreate.txt(\u5047\u5b9a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7531root\u521b\u5efa\u7684)<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
chown floatboat \/home\/newboat<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u8fd8\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u9001\u7ed9floatboat\uff0cchown\u4e5f\u662f\u652f\u6301-R\u53c2\u6570\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
chown -R floatboat \/home\/newboat<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u540c\u65f6\u60f3\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
chown -R floatboat.ftpusers \/home\/newboat<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3b\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u4e5f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86ftpusers<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4f60\u5012\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f60\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f60\u540c\u65f6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4f60\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u65e7\u7ec4\u53d8\u4e3a\u65b0\u7ec4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709html\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u6539\u4e3ahttpd\uff1a<\/p>\n
chgrp httpd *.html<\/p>\n
\u548cchown\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\uff0cchgrp\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528-R\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u8fdb\u884c\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
<\u63d0\u793a>\uff1a\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684groups\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecdchmod\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u4f7f\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u9488\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5728\u7ec4\u3001\u5176\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u5e10\u53f7(\u7ec4)\u5206\u522b\u6709\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6 \u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u663e\u793a\u5c31\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u624d\u6240\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u6240\u793a\u3002\u603b\u5171\u5341\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u201c-rw-rw-r–\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u533a\u5206\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8868\u793a \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5230\u56db\u4f4d\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u8bfb(r\uff1aread)\u3001\u5199(w:write)\u3001\u6267\u884c(x:execute)\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u5230\u4e03\u4f4d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684 \u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u5230\u7b2c\u5341\u4f4d\u5219\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4f4d\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u8fd9\u76f8\u5e94\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a\u201c-\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002\u8c61 \u521a\u624d\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u672c\u7ec4\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u8bfb\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237(\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u5df1)\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7528u\u3001g\u3001o\u5206\u522b\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u7528\u6237(user)\u3001\u7ec4(group)\u3001\u5176\u5b83\u5e10\u6237(other)\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528a\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e09\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5bf9\u6240\u6709perl\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u548c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u5199\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
chmod a+rx,u+w *.pl<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u8981\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8bb8\u53ef\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u4f8b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528chmod\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684-R\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u5217\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\/www\/site1\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ec4\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n
chmod -R a+rwx,o-rwd \/www\/site1<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u6613\u4f7f\u7528-R\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5355\u8f93\u5165\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u5b57\u6bcd\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u7d2f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf98\u8fdb\u5236\u6709\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u505a\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u4f7f\u7528\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728ls -l\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u201c-rw-rw-r–\u201d\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u4f4d\u53ea\u548c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u4e5d\u4f4d\u6b63\u597d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u6bb5\u4e09\u4f4d\uff0c\u201crw-\u201d\u3001\u201crw-\u201d\u548c \u201cr–\u201d,\u201c-\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u65e0\u6548\u201c0\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u5b57\u7b26\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u6548\u201c1\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5c31\u662f\u201c110\u201d\u3001\u201c110\u201d\u3001\u201c100\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a2\u8fdb\u5236\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u76848 \u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5c31\u662f6\u30016\u30014\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a664(\u4e09\u4f4d\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e09\u4f4d\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u8fb9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199 \u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n
chmod 755 *.pl<\/p>\n
chmod -R 770 \/www\/site1<\/p>\n
\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u6d01\uff1f\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u4f60\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570(\u5229\u7528\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u8f7b\u6613\u7684\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25c6\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u6240\u8c13\u5199\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4f60\u5f00\u653e\u4e86\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u81ea\u76ee\u5f55\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f60\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u6709\u53ea\u8bfb\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528cd\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u6267\u884c\u8bb8\u53ef\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u8bfb\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ls\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u6e05\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u53ea\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u60f3\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\uff1apasswd\u4e0egroup<\/p>\n
\u5728linux\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u91cc\uff0c\/etc\/passwd\u4e0e\/etc\/group\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5360\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u63a7\u5236\u7740linux\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25c6\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aRHlinux\u91cc\u666e\u901a\u7684passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n
bin:x:1:1:bin:\/bin:<\/p>\n
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:\/sbin:<\/p>\n
\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n
operator:x:11:0perator:\/root:<\/p>\n
games:x:12:100:games:\/usr\/games:<\/p>\n
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:\/usr\/lib\/gopher-data:<\/p>\n
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:\/home\/ftp:<\/p>\n
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:\/:<\/p>\n
xfs:x:43:43:X Font Server:\/etc\/X11\/fs:\/bin\/false<\/p>\n
named:x:25:25:Named:\/var\/named:\/bin\/false<\/p>\n
postgres:x:26:26ostgreSQL Server:\/var\/lib\/pgsql:\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n
lanf:x:500:500::\/home\/hujm:\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n
mysql:x:101:101:MySQL server:\/var\/lib\/mysql:\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n
imnotroot:x:0:0::\/home\/imnotroot:\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u5e10\u53f7lanf\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u90fd\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5e10\u53f7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\u7684root\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5728passwd\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u88ab\u5192\u53f7(“:”)\u5206\u62107\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
[\u7528\u6237\u540d]\uff1a[\u5bc6\u7801]\uff1a[UID]\uff1a[GID]\uff1a[\u8eab\u4efd\u63cf\u8ff0]\uff1a[\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55]\uff1a[\u767b\u5f55shell]<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u2488[\u7528\u6237\u540d]\u662fpasswd\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5404\u8bb0\u5f55\u884c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6709”\u552f\u4e00\u6027”\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u57df\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u533a\u57df\u5c31\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2489[\u5bc6\u7801]\u533a\u57df\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884cDES\u52a0\u5bc6\u768413\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u548c\u5192\u53f7\u3002\u8fd913\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u4e24\u4f4d\u662f\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684 \u65f6\u5019\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u53c8\u7981\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 shadow\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u533a\u57df\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2ax\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
\u248a[UID]\u867d\u7136\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6765\u6807\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5f52\u5c5e\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u800c\u53c8\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6709\u591a\u4e2a UID\u548cGID\u5747\u4e3a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aUID\u548cGID\u4e3a0\u7684\u7528\u6237imnotroot\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u662froot\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5374\u6709 \u548croot\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u975e\u6839\u636e[\u7528\u6237\u540d]\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636eUID\u548cGID\u6765\u5206\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u65e0\u7591\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u70b8\u5f39\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53 imnorroot\u505a\u9501\u5b9a\u5c4f\u5e55\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u548croot\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u9501\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u662f\u67e5\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aUID\u4e3a0\u7684\u7528\u6237(\u81ea\u7136\u662froot) \u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5728\u5f80\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5f53UID\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u248b[GID]\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7ec4ID\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aID\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/group\u91cc\u67e5\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ec4\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u248c[\u8eab\u4efd\u63cf\u8ff0]\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4eba\u5de5\u6dfb\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u248d[\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55]\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
\u248e[\u767b\u5f55shell]\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684shell\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
<\u6ce8\u610f>\uff1a[UID]\u548c[GID]\u5c0f\u4e8e500\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5df1\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65b0\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662fUID\u548cGID\u5927\u4e8e500\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25c6\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662fRH\u7684\u4e00\u4e2agroup\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n
root:x:0:root,hujm,hjm<\/p>\n
bin:x:1:root,bin,daemon<\/p>\n
daemon:x:2:root,bin,daemon<\/p>\n
sys:x:3:root,bin,adm<\/p>\n
adm:x:4:root,adm,daemon<\/p>\n
tty:x:5:<\/p>\n
disk:x:6:root<\/p>\n
lp:x:7:daemon,lp<\/p>\n
mem:x:8:<\/p>\n
kmem:x:9:<\/p>\n
wheel:x:10:root<\/p>\n
mail:x:12:mail<\/p>\n
news:x:13:news<\/p>\n
uucp:x:14:uucp<\/p>\n
\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n
hujm:x:503:root,mynoshell,hjm<\/p>\n
mysql:x:101:<\/p>\n
mynoshell:x:505:<\/p>\n
ftpusers:x:506:<\/p>\n
\u5b83\u603b\u5171\u5206\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n
[\u7ec4\u540d]\uff1a[\u5bc6\u7801\u57df]\uff1a[GID]\uff1a[\u7ec4\u5458\u5217\u8868]<\/p>\n
\u610f\u601d\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ec4\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4e0d\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u867d\u7136\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5bc6\u7801\u57df\u6709\u4e2aX\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u90a3\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86SHADOW(\u5bf9\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a gshadow)\u3002\u7ec4\u5458\u5217\u8868\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5404\u4e2a\u5e10\u53f7\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u5458\u5982\u679c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u767b\u5f55\u7ec4\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u7ec4\u5458\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u5c06\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5458\u7684\u5e10\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4 \u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n
useradd -g ftpusers floatboat<\/p>\n
\u5728\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u91ccftpusers\u7684\u7ec4\u5458\u5217\u8868\u5c06\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5458(\u771f\u662f\u5931\u8d25)\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5728passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684GID\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a506\u3002\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
usermod -G ftpusers,mysql,webusers floatboat<\/p>\n
\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u89c1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ec4\u540e\u8fb9\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86floatboat\u5e10\u53f7\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528vi\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8f91\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
group\u6587\u4ef6\u548cpasswd\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u901a\u8fc7GID\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u70b9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6839\u636epasswd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e10\u6237\u7684GID\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728group\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d \u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ec4\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u79c1\u6709\u7ec4\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u822c\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e10\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5e10\u53f7\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7ec4\u589e\u52a0\u5230group\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u65f6passwd\u6587 \u4ef6\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u7684[\u7528\u6237\u540d]\u5b57\u6bb5\u548cgroup\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u7684[\u7ec4\u540d]\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u5343\u4e07\u522b\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c\u7cfb \u7edf\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57(UID\uff0cGID)\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f^_^\u3002<\/p>\n
\u518d\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4f60\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u522b\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f97\u770b\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5217\u8868\u54e6\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u67e5\u627e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u767b\u5f55\u7ec4\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3008\u63d0\u793a\u3009\u65b0\u7ec4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528groupadd newgroupname<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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